2022, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Part A

Author(s): IM Hassan, AY Abbas, SA Balarabe, Y Saidu and LS Bilbis

Abstract: The study investigated the anti-oxidant, anti-cholinesterase activity and dopamine levels of methanolic leaves extract Solanum incanum in arsenic-induced neurodegeneration. Animals were divided into four groups: A Control (maintained on food and water only), B treated with 300 mg/kg S. incanum, C treated with 20 mg/kg As₂O_3, and D treated with 300 mg/kg and then 20 mg/kg As₂O₃. Serum anti-oxidant activities were determined by measuring the Catalase (CAT) and Super-oxidase (SOD) activities using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and dopamine levels were also quantified using ELISA. Prepared slides from the brain were dehydrated using a dry air oven in xylene for 30 minutes and later mounted on the microscope and viewed using oil immersion ×1000 magnification. The result of CAT and SOD assays showed significant decrease (P<0.0002) when control groups (40 μmol/min/mL and 107.7 U/mL) were compared with the group exposed to arsenic only (20 μmol/min/mL and71.32 U/mL) respectively. The activity of cholinesterase was significantly reduced (P<0.0006) in group exposed to arsenic only (30.30 U/mL) compared to the control group (45.42 U/mL) But, there was no significant difference between the control group and group treated with S. incanum methanol extract and then arsenic and group treated with arsenic and then S. incanum methanol extract. There was no observed significant difference (P>0.5) in dopamine levels between the groups. Histopathological lesions observed include degenerative vacuolated neurocytes. For histopathological study, there were dystrophic changes in the form of shrunken hyperchromatic neurocytes which were irregular with chromatolysis and abnormal Nissl granule distribution in groups exposed to arsenic only as well as arsenic S. incanum. Because of the presence of significant anti-oxidant and anticholinesterase activities as well as neuronal cells protective effect, S. incanum is a potential source of remedy against arsenic poisoning.

DOI: 10.33545/27072827.2022.v3.i1a.39

Pages: 07-14 | Views: 740 | Downloads: 420

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